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Development from 2G to 3G
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Nowadays, people all over the world can enjoy the benefits of Three G technology. Just a few years back, 2G was the norm, and before that, more "crude" processes of accessibility and the like. The networks have evolved significantly, as the largest nations of the world work nonstop to continue to deliver the best services to consumers. You can learn more about the process by checking how 2G technology moved on to 3 G. Here are the details.
The 2G Network
Initially, 2G networks were created mainly for slow transmission and voice data. Because of the quick changes in the expectations of users, these no longer meet the requirements today in terms of wireless connection. The movement and evolution from 2G to 3 G technology can be divided into several phases, namely GPRS, EDGE and pure 3G.
On GPRS
The first big step in the move to Three G happened through the launching and launching of General Packet Radio Service or GPRS. The cellular services, mixed with GPRS resulted to 2.5G. GPRS was capable of giving data rates ranging from 56 kbit/s up to a maximum of 114 kbit/s. This can be used for services like WAP or Wireless Application Protocol access, MMS or Multimedia Messaging Service, SMS or Short Message Service and internet communication services like World Wide Web access and email.
The data transfer of GPRS is usually charged for each megabyte of traffic being transferred, while the data communication via the usual circuit switching is charged by the minute of connection period, regardless of whether the consumer actually used the capability or is just in idle mode.
GPRS is a top-effort packet switched service, compared to circuit switching, where there is a given QoS or Quality of Service is certified during the connection for non-mobile users. It gives medium speed data transfer, via the use of idle Time division multiple access or TDMA channels. Before, there used to be some believe to stretch GPRS to take over other standards. Instead, the networks are usually changed to use the standard of GSM, making GSM the new release. The original standard was conducted by the ETSI or European Telecommunications Standards Institute, but is now the 3GPP or 3rd Generation Partnership Project.
The EDGE
The GPRS networks have changed significantly to EDGE networks, through the presentation of 8PSK encoding. Enhanced information rates for EDGE or GSM Evolution, IMT Single Carrier or IMT-SC and Enhanced GPRS is a reverse-compatible digital mobile phone technology, allowing improved data transmission rates, as an extension over the standard GSM. EDGE can be counted as a 3G radio technology, involved in ITU's 3G description, but is usually frequently referred to as 2.75G. EDGE was launched on GSM networks, starting in 2003, by Cingular now at the start in the United States.
Standardization
3 GPP standardized EDGE as it belonged in the GSM group. It is considered as an upgrade that gives a potential 3-fold boost in the capacity of GPRS and GSM networks. The specification gets bigger data rates by altering to very sophisticated processes of coding, particularly 8PSK, inside the GSM timeslots. EDGE can be applied in various packet switched applications, like the internet, other multimedia and video.
Pure 3 G is the introduction of UMTS technology and networks from EDGE networks. As of the present, more work on the development of the 4G is still underway.
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Project for final year ECE student? ?
I am final year ECE student. Can you please suggest me some projects based on MICROCONTROLLER or GPRS/GSM? Please do not tell me to search on net. I have searched the net but I am confused between so many projects and their complexity is also very high or very low. The cost should not exceed RS.2500.
I had made FFSK (Fast Frequency Shift keying) Modulator... that also just the coding part on MATLAB. It is not difficult at all, resembles C language too much. So learning shudnt be difficult. Go through a few communication books, you will find how FFSK works... then you have write the code for how you would transmit the signal after modulation, and then how you would receive and then demodulate the signal.
Code would hardly be of two pages, and project report of around 30 pages.
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